I think the odds would depend on how big the debris field is, but for non human cargo that might be acceptable, but I have a feeling that might not be the case with people on board, in which case they would need armor.
Edit: for non human cargo it could even be an option. Armored + X payload weight for $100/kg. Unarmored $60/kg + Y payload weight. (Made up numbers)
Ballistic missles are very hard to intercept at that. There's no way there's enough missile defense to even come close to stopping them all if Russia launched them all and even only 25% worked.
Same goes for anyone if the US launched them all.